There is a certain difference between the theoretical weight and actual weight of metal castings, mainly due to the following factors.
1. Shrinkage and Porosity in Liquid Metal
During the casting process, shrinkage and pores are easily generated due to the cooling and contraction of the liquid metal and the accumulation of internal gas. These shrinkage and porosity will affect the volume and quality of metal castings, resulting in differences between the actual weight and the theoretical weight.
2. Influence of Casting Temperature and Pressure
Casting temperature and pressure are the key factors affecting the quality of metal castings. If there is a problem with temperature or pressure during the casting process, then the actual weight of the metal casting will also be affected, and there is a difference with the theoretical weight.
3. Density Variation of Materials
Density variation of casting materials may cause the actual weight of the metal casting to be different from the theoretical weight.
4. Oxide Layer on the Surface of Metal Castings
After metal castings are placed for a period of time, an oxide layer will form on the surface, which will affect the actual weight of the metal castings. 
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